Confederate States Navy
In February 21, 1861, the Confederate States Navy (CSN) was established by an act of the Confederate Congress. Confederate States Navy was the naval branch of the Confederate States Armed Forces. During its existence, the Confederate States Navy was responsible for guarding and protecting the Southern harbors and coastlines from outside attacks. By the Southern harbors and coastlines, the Confederacy made it difficult and costly for the North to attack. The Union, in turn, attacked merchant ships and all blockade-running vessels. The Confederate States Navy was in charge of all Confederate naval operations throughout the American Civil War.
In the beginning, the Confederate States Navy was inferior to the Union Navy. In order to gain advantage over the Union Navy, they used technological innovations such as submarines, torpedo boats, ironclads and navy mines also known as torpedoes. They only had fourteen seaworthy ships out of the thirty that they had against the Union Navy’s 90 vessels. Eventually, the Confederate States Navy fleet increased to 101 ships.
When the Union Navy evacuated the Gosport Navy Yard, their supply and arm depots were not totally burned leaving the Confederate States Navy with access to war materials and the shipyard’s dry docks. This became an instrument for the Confederacy to build new warships.
List of Ships of the Confederate States Navy:
- CSS Alabama: a Confederate raider launched in 1862, 219 feet long, 1,054 tons, powered by auxiliary steam power.
- CSS Georgia: a Confederate cruiser launched in 1863, 212 feet long, 700 tons, powered by steeped geared engine.
- CSS Albermarle: a Confederate ironclad launched in 1864, 152 feet and 3 inches long.
- CSS Hunley: a Confederate submarine launched in 1863, 40 feet long, 2 tons, hand propelled engine.
- CSS Huntsville: a Confederate ironclad, 150 feet long.
- CSS Baltic: a Confederate ironclad launched in 1860, 185 feet and 4 inches long.
- CSS Louisiana: a Confederate ironclad launched in April 1862, 260 feet long, 1,400 tons, twin screw, paddlewheels engine.
- CSS Bermuda: a Confederate blockade-runner launched in 1861, 211 feet long, 1,003 tons.
- CSS McRAE: a Confederate gunboat, 830 tons.
- CSS Chicora: a Confederate Chicora, 150 feet long.
- CSS Shenandoah: a Confederate raider launched in1863, 230 feet long, 1,160 tons with single compound engine.
- CSS Flamingo: a Confederate blockade-runner launched in 1864, 214 feet long, 500 tons.
- CSS Florida: a Confederate cruiser launched in 1861, 192 feet long, 700 tons with reciprocating engine.
- CSS Tennessee: a Confederate ironclad launched in February 1863, 209 feet long, 1,273 tons with non-condensing engines.
- CSS Texas: a Confederate ironclad launched in 1865, 21 feet long with horizontal direct-acting engine.
The Confederate States Navy was composed of 373 commissioned officers, warrant officers and midshipmen who were part of the United States Navy before they joined the Confederacy.
When the war ended in 1861, the Confederate government organized administrative positions of the Confederate Navy. These were:
- Secretary of the Navy: Stephen R. Mallory
- Chief of the Bureau of Orders and Detail: Commodore Samuel Barron
- Chief of Ordnance and Hydrographs: Commander George Minor
- Chief of Provisions and Clothing: Pay Master John DeBree
- Bureau of Medicine and Surgery: Surg. W.A.W. Spottswood
- Chief Clerk: Edward M. Tidball
Aboard the CSS Shenandoah, the Confederate made their final surrender in November 6, 1865. They were in Liverpool, England. The Confederate States Navy existed for 4 years and 9 months.
